From an article by Mark Jacob and Stephan Benzkofer
in the Chicago Tribune
12:22 p.m. CDT, July 18, 2011
There was big news on the punctuation front a few weeks ago: an
unfounded rumor that the Oxford University Press was getting rid of the
"serial comma." That's the final comma in a series, as used in most
books but few newspapers. (The Tribune would write "blood, sweat and
tears"; most books would write "blood, sweat, and tears.") If the uproar
confounds you, read on:
First of all, let's explain why the serial comma is important to some
people. A blog on economist.com cites an apocryphal example: "I'd like
to thank my parents,
Ayn Rand and God." Without a comma after "Rand," the writer has a mighty unusual parentage.
Maybe it's not surprising that
New York City,
capital of the U.S. publishing industry, has plenty of lore about
semicolons. When former Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia was annoyed by an
overeducated bureaucrat, he used the insult "semicolon boy." When the
Son of Sam killer put a semicolon in a note, police speculated he might
be a freelance journalist. (Killer
David Berkowitz was a security guard and cabdriver.)
Union Gen. Joe Hooker got his nickname because a newspaper printer left
out a dash. The label headline that was supposed to read "Fighting — Joe
Hooker" became "Fighting Joe Hooker." He hated it, but it stuck.
It could be said that the first blow that led to the Russian Revolution
was over punctuation. Moscow printers went on strike in 1905, insisting
they be paid for typing punctuation marks as well as letters. That led
to a general strike across the country and to Czar Nicholas II granting
Russia its first constitution.
Punctuation marks arranged to form smiley faces or sad faces may be
common in today's digital communication, but emoticons predate texting
and the Internet. Puck magazine published such typographical art in
1881.
The most rudimentary punctuation is the dot between words. Romans'
ancient texts often ran together without spaces using all capital
letters, which meant readers had to start decoding from the first line
every time. The introduction of the dot suddenly rendered a block of
text legible. The dot between words and numbers engraved on buildings is
a legacy of this.
Playwright
George Bernard Shaw
hated apostrophes, writing: "There is not the faintest reason for
persisting in the ugly and silly trick of peppering pages with these
uncouth bacilli."
Unnecessary use of quotation marks drives some people so "batty" that
they have "posted" more than 1,000 examples of "quotation mark abuse" on
the photo sharing site Flickr. Our favorites are signs reading:
"Cleaning lady 'available'" and "Best 'food' on 'Route 66.'"
People get awfully philosophical about punctuation. Said author Kurt
Vonnegut: "When Hemingway killed himself he put a period at the end of
his life; old age is more like a semicolon." Comedian
Gracie Allen is credited with the aphorism "Never place a period where God has placed a comma."
In 1899, French poet Alcanter de Brahm proposed an "irony mark"
(point d'ironie) that
would signal that a statement was ironic. The proposed punctuation
looked like a question mark facing backward at the end of a sentence.
But it didn't catch on. No one seemed to get the point of it,
ironically.
Mark Jacob is a deputy metro editor at the Tribune; Stephan Benzkofer is the newspaper's weekend editor.